Mineralogy of Occator crater on Ceres and insight into its evolution from the properties of carbonates, phyllosilicates, and chlorides
A. Raponi ; M.C. De Sanctis ; F.G. Carrozzo ; E. Ammannito ; ... et al. ;
Feb - 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2018.02.001

journal : Icarus
type: Article Journal

Abstract
Occator Crater on dwarf planet Ceres hosts the so-called faculae, several areas with material 5 to 10 times the albedo of the average Ceres surface: Cerealia Facula, the brightest and largest, and several smaller faculae, Vinalia Faculae, located on the crater floor. The mineralogy of the whole crater is analyzed in this work. Spectral analysis is performed from data of the VIR instrument on board the Dawn spacecraft. We analyse spectral parameters of all main absorption bands, photometry, and continuum slope. Because most of the absorption features are located in a spectral range affected by thermal emission, we developed a procedure for thermal removal. Moreover, quantitative modeling of the measured spectra is performed with a radiative transfer model in order to retrieve abundance and grain size of the identified minerals. Unlike the average Ceres surface that contains a dark component, Mg–Ca-carbonate, Mg-phyllosilicates, and NH4-phyllosilicates, the faculae contain mainly Na-carbonate, Al-phyllosilicates, and NH4-chloride. The present work establishes unambiguously the presence of NH4-chloride thanks to the high-spatial resolution data. Vinalia and Cerealia Faculae show significant differences in the concentrations of these minerals, which have been analyzed. Moreover, heterogeneities are also found within Cerealia Facula that might reflect different deposition events of bright material. An interesting contrast in grain size is found between the center (10–60 µm) and the crater floor/peripheral part of the faculae (100–130 µm), pointing to different cooling time of the grains, respectively faster and slower, and thus to different times of emplacement. This implies the faculae formation is more recent than the crater impact event, consistent with other observations reported in this special issue. For some ejecta, we derived larger concentrations of minerals producing the absorption bands, and smaller grains with respect to the surrounding terrain. This may be related to heterogeneities in the material pre-existent to the impact event.

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